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According to the theo logical Post Date: Sun, 24 Aug 2008 10:16:42 +0000 Concomitant with this free dom of choice there is a responsibility for making and following this choice, along with the propensity for making valid value- judgments (or preferences) . This situation of decisionlessness can be equated somewhat to the "ambivalence of will" of Bleuler. According to the theo logical existentialist, Buber, this decisionlessness is the source of evil or sin. Autor of the post: Undefined In this state one does Post Date: Sun, 24 Aug 2008 10:06:30 +0000 And, by extension, we can readily infer that mental illness is an evil. Mowrer, 1959) As a result of this decisionlessness there develops "angst," (German agony) or anguish or anxiety. In this state one does not know which way to turn. Autor of the post: Undefined The existentialists hold that guilt Post Date: Sun, 24 Aug 2008 9:56:16 +0000 This agony or anxiety none of us can deny we have all felt it over and over during our lives when we were faced with the need for making a decision and were unable to make it, we have all had it to greater or lesser degree depending upon the importance and meaning of such a decision to us. Con comitant with this anxiety comes awareness of existential guilt (in contrast to cultural guilt) . The existentialists hold that guilt is inherent in the human and not necessarily inculcated into the individual through society, though the latter effect is not denied as playing its part. Autor of the post: Undefined Failure in any of these Post Date: Sun, 24 Aug 2008 9:37:24 +0000 This guilt has been divided into three kinds by Binswanger (1942) (i) guilt over failure of the level of the Eigenwelt (2) the Umwelt, and (3) the Mitwelt. The Eigenwelt is the personal internalized world, the Umwelt is the world of things, and the Mitwelt is the area of interpersonal relationships. Failure in any of these leads to a sense of inadequacy, a lack of fulfillment, or a sense of partial death (Menninger) . Autor of the post: Undefined Nothingness seems to Post Date: Sun, 24 Aug 2008 9:26:32 +0000 In another frame of reference we may call this situation the inferiority com plex of Adler, or the death instinct (Thanatos) with death wishes of Freud involving the concepts of conscience and punishment. The greatest anguish, and the most fundamental agony we all have to endure is the dread or fear of death or nothingness. Nothingness seems to be a better term semantically from the exis tential viewpoint. Autor of the post: Undefined It is here where religion Post Date: Sun, 24 Aug 2008 9:15:14 +0000 This dread is universal in man, who presum ably, unlike animals, knows in advance that some day he must face it. Yet so many of us, yes, all of us face nothingness with a greater or lesser dread each and every day, each and every moment. It is here where religion with the promise of an after-life offers solace and a "defense" against this anguish. Autor of the post: Undefined The picture as painted thus Post Date: Sun, 24 Aug 2008 9:00:58 +0000 Another source of relief and help is an adequate philosophy of the meaning of life and death. And this is not a standardized philosophy life has a different meaning for each of us but the important thing is to find a meaning. The picture as painted thus far, however, is only one-sided, and presents the more somber aspect of the situation. Autor of the post: Undefined First there is "the Post Date: Sun, 24 Aug 2008 8:43:02 +0000 As positive aspects of the existential concept, there is a counter force within us, which can be termed generically "the will to live." As you will note on the left side of the diagram, I have enumerated somewhat parallel concepts from different frames of reference. First there is "the will to find meaning in life" which involves the personal experiences of one s past and the hope for a future. Autor of the post: Undefined " Then we have the "will Post Date: Sun, 24 Aug 2008 8:23:54 +0000 This is the basis of Victor Frankl s logotherapy. He is the author of the recent book, "From Death Camp to Existentialism." Then we have the "will to power" of Nietzsche. Autor of the post: Undefined Then we have Adler s Post Date: Sun, 24 Aug 2008 8:09:21 +0000 This has been variously interpreted by others as (i) the desire to be the superman, and (2) the will to the realization of one s potentialities. I prefer the latter inter pretation. Then we have Adler s concept of "the will to be supe- rior" and finally Freud s "will to pleasure" (or Eros, the pleasure principle) . 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