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It is not my task Post Date: Sat, 30 Aug 2008 6:49:48 +0000 In the case of linguistic faulty actions, an attempt has been made by philosophers and philologists to verify through minute observations what structural and functional relations enter into the service of such intention. If in the determinations of faulty and symptomatic actions, we separate the unconscious motive from its co-active physiological and psychophysical relations, the ques tion remains whether there are still other factors within normal limits which, like the unconscious motive, or a substitute for it, can produce faulty and symptomatic actions on the path of these relations. It is not my task to answer this question. Autor of the post: Undefined In the simplest and least Post Date: Sat, 30 Aug 2008 6:33:39 +0000 To be sure, it is not my intention to exaggerate still more the differences, large as they are, between the psychoanalytic and the current concepts of faulty actions. I prefer to give cases in which these differences are not so marked. In the simplest and least striking examples of lapses in talking and writing, wherein perhaps only words are fused or words and letters omitted, there is no very complicated interpretation. Autor of the post: Undefined In the same cases Post Date: Sat, 30 Aug 2008 6:18:19 +0000 Psychoanalytically, it can only be asserted, that in these cases one sees some disturbance of the intention, but one cannot say whence it originated and what its purpose is. It really produces nothing except a manifestation of its presence. In the same cases, one also observes that the faulty actions become effective through the undisputed favorable influ ences of sound relations and mediate psychological associations. Autor of the post: Undefined The general nature Post Date: Sat, 30 Aug 2008 6:06:09 +0000 But scientifically, it is only fair to demand that we judge such rudi mentary cases of lapses in speech or writing by the more marked expressions, the investigations of which result in unequivocal explanations of the causation of faulty actions. VI Since the discussion of speech-blunders, we have been content to demonstrate that faulty actions have a concealed mo tive, and through the aid of psychoanalysis, we have traced our way to the knowledge of their motivation. The general nature and the peculiarities of the psychic factors brought to expression in these faulty actions, we have hitherto left almost without consid eration; at any rate, we have not attempted to define them more accurately or to examine into their lawfulness. Autor of the post: Undefined In the discussion Post Date: Sat, 30 Aug 2008 5:50:02 +0000 Nor will we now attempt a thorough elucidation of the subject, as the first steps have already taught us that it is more feasible to enter this struc ture from another side. 18 Here, we can put before ourselves cer tain questions which I will cite in their order, (i) What are the content and origin of the thoughts and feelings which show them selves through faulty and chance actions? (2) What are the con ditions which force a thought or a feeling to make use of these occurrences as a means of expression and place it in a position to do so? (3) Can constant and definite associations be demonstrated between the manner of the faulty action and the qualities brought to expression through it? I shall begin by bringing together some material for an swering the last question. In the discussion of the examples of speech-blunders, we found it necessary to go beyond the contents of the intended speech, and we had to seek the cause of the speech disturbance outside the intention. Autor of the post: Undefined Only of the third group Post Date: Sat, 30 Aug 2008 5:34:17 +0000 The latter was quite clear in a series of cases, and was known to the consciousness of the speaker, In the example that seemed most simple and transparent, it was a similar sounding but different conception of the same thought, which disturbed its expression without anyone being able to say why the one succumbed and the other came to the surface (Merin- ger and Mayers Contaminations} , In a second group of cases, one conception succumbed to a motive which did not, however, prove strong enough to cause com plete submersion. The conception which was withheld was clearly presented to consciousness. Only of the third group can we affirm unreservedly that the disturbing thought differed from the one intended, and it is obvi ous that it may establish an essential distinction. Autor of the post: Undefined The retained or unconscious thoughts Post Date: Sat, 30 Aug 2008 5:16:57 +0000 The disturbing thought is either connected with the disturbed one through a thought association (disturbance through inner contradiction) , or it is substantially strange to it, and just the disturbed word is connected with the disturbing thought through a surprising outer association, which is frequently unconscious. In the examples which I have given from my psychoan alyses, the entire speech is either under the influence of thoughts which have become active simultaneously, or under absolutely unconscious thoughts which betray themselves either through the disturbance itself, or which evince an indirect influence by making it possible for the individual parts of the unconsciously intended speech to disturb one another. The retained or unconscious thoughts from which the disturbances in speech emanate are of most varied origin. Autor of the post: Undefined Isolated cases, as in speech-blunders Post Date: Sat, 30 Aug 2008 5:04:08 +0000 A general survey does not reveal any definite direction. Comparative examinations of examples of mistakes in read ing and writing lead to the same conclusions. Isolated cases, as in speech-blunders, seem to owe their origin to an unmotivated work of condensation ( the Apel) . Autor of the post: Undefined But I would refuse Post Date: Sat, 30 Aug 2008 4:45:43 +0000 But we should like to know whether special conditions must not be fulfilled in order that such condensation, which is considered regular in dream-work and faulty in our waking thoughts, should take place. No information concerning this can be obtained from the examples themselves. But I would refuse to draw the conclusion from this, that there are no such conditions, as, for instance, the relaxation of conscious attention; for I have learned elsewhere that automatic actions are especially characterized by correctness and reliability. Autor of the post: Undefined Also, mistakes in reading Post Date: Sat, 30 Aug 2008 4:26:56 +0000 I would rather emphasize the fact that here, as so frequently in biology, it is the normal relations, or those approaching the normal, that are less favorable objects for investigation than the pathological. What remains obscure in the explanation of these most simple disturb ances will, according to my expectation, be made clear through the explanation of more serious disturbances. Also, mistakes in reading and writing do not lack examples in which more remote and more complicated motivation can be recognized. 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