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As a matter of fact Post Date: Sat, 30 Aug 2008 19:45:29 +0000 What is thus left free from the one side receives its motive from the other side, from the unconscious, and the determinism in the psychic realm is thus carried out uninterruptedly. 8 III Athough conscious thought must be altogether igno rant of the motivation of the faulty actions described above, yet it would be desirable to discover a psychologic proof of its existence; indeed, reasons obtained through a deeper knowledge of the un- conscious make it probable that such proofs are to be discovered somewhere. As a matter of fact, phenomena can be demonstrated in two spheres which seem to correspond to an unconscious and hence, to a displaced knowledge of these motives. Autor of the post: Undefined For example, the last paranoiac Post Date: Sat, 30 Aug 2008 19:30:21 +0000 (a) It is a striking and generally recognized feature in the behavior of paranoiacs, that they attach the greatest significance to trivial details in the behavior of others. Details which are usu ally overlooked by others they interpret and utilize as the basis of far-reaching conclusions. For example, the last paranoiac seen by me concluded that there was a general understanding among peo ple of his environment, because at his departure from the railway station, they made a certain motion with one hand. Autor of the post: Undefined All that he observes Post Date: Sat, 30 Aug 2008 19:13:31 +0000 Another no ticed how people walked on the street, how they brandished their walking-sticks, and the like. 9 The category of the accidental, requiring no motivation, which the normal person lets pass as a part of his own psychic functions and faulty actions, is thus rejected by the paranoiac in his application to the psychic manifestations of others. All that he observes in others is full of meaning; all is explainable. Autor of the post: Undefined 10 In a certain sense Post Date: Sat, 30 Aug 2008 18:56:35 +0000 But how does he come to look at it in this manner? Probably here, as in so many other cases, he projects into the mental life of others what exists in his own unconscious activity. Many things obtrude them selves on consciousness in paranoia, which in normal and neurotic persons can only be demonstrated through psychoanalysis as exist ing in their unconscious. 10 In a certain sense, the paranoiac be havior is justified; he perceives something that escapes the normal person; he sees clearer than one of normal intellectual capacity, but his knowledge becomes worthless when he imputes to others the state of affairs he thus recognizes. Autor of the post: Undefined There is certainly some truth Post Date: Sat, 30 Aug 2008 18:45:27 +0000 I hope that I shall not be expected to justify every paranoiac interpretation. But the point which we grant to paranoia in this conception of chance actions will facilitate for us the psychologic understanding of the convic tion which the paranoiac attaches to all these interpretations. There is certainly some truth to it; even our errors of judgment, which are not designated as morbid, acquire their feeling of con viction in the same way. Autor of the post: Undefined I will make myself clear Post Date: Sat, 30 Aug 2008 18:26:38 +0000 This feeling is justified for a certain part of the erroneous train of thought or for the source of its origin, and we shall later extend to it the remaining relationships. (b) The phenomena of superstition furnish another indi- cation of the unconscious motivation in chance and faulty actions. I will make myself clear through the discussion of a simple expe rience which gave me the starting-point to these reflections. Autor of the post: Undefined Owing to this monotony, unconscious Post Date: Sat, 30 Aug 2008 18:11:44 +0000 Having returned from my vacation, my thoughts immedi ately turned to the patients with whom I was to occupy myself in the beginning of my year s work. My first visit was to a very old woman (see above) for whom I had twice daily performed the same professional services for many years. Owing to this monotony, unconscious thoughts have often found expression on the way to the patient and during my occupation with her. Autor of the post: Undefined Every coachman at the cabstand Post Date: Sat, 30 Aug 2008 17:54:02 +0000 She was over ninety years old; it was therefore pertinent to ask oneself at the beginning of each year how much longer she was likely to live. On the day of which I speak, I was in a hurry and took a carriage to her house. Every coachman at the cabstand near my house knew the old woman s address, as each of them had often driven me there. Autor of the post: Undefined Is it of any significance Post Date: Sat, 30 Aug 2008 17:35:29 +0000 This day, it happened that the driver did not stop in front of her house, but before one of the same number in a nearby and really similar-looking parallel street. I noticed the mistake and reproached the coachman, who apologized for it. Is it of any significance when I am taken to a house where the old woman is not to be found? Certainly not to me; but were I superstitious, I should see an omen in this incident, a hint of fate that this would be the last year for the old woman. Autor of the post: Undefined The case would have been Post Date: Sat, 30 Aug 2008 17:17:27 +0000 A great many omens which have been preserved by history have been founded on no better symbolism. Of course, I explain the incident as an accident without further meaning. The case would have been entirely different had I come on foot and, "absorbed in thought" or "through distraction I had gone to the house in the parallel street instead of the correct one. 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